Current approaches to maintaining the facial skin microbiome in professional procedures

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of current approaches to assessing the impact of professional dermatological procedures on the facial skin microbiome. The study is conducted within an interdisciplinary framework that integrates dermatology, microbiology, molecular medicine, and bioengineering. Particular attention is given to content and visual analysis of both domestic and international sources describing microbiome shifts resulting from invasive and non-invasive interventions, as well as the composition of professional skincare formulations. Key mechanisms of post-procedural dysbiosis are examined, including decreased taxonomic diversity, growth of opportunistic microorganisms, and disruption of the skin barrier. Procedures are classified by degree of microbiome-related aggressiveness: from damaging (peelings, laser treatments) to modulatory and physiological (phototherapy, mildly acidic pH care, and prebiotic-based treatments). Summarized data on the effects of skincare ingredients (lactic acid, zinc, polysaccharides) on skin microorganisms are presented, along with visualized overlapping zones of active component action. Theoretical and laboratory models reproducing interactions between microbiota and epithelium are also discussed, including stable ex vivo assessment systems. The article addresses the limitations of current in vivo studies, the need for standardized microbiome-compatibility assessment models, and the prospects for incorporating postbiotic technologies into individualized skincare strategies. This article is intended for professionals in aesthetic medicine and dermatology, cosmetic product developers, and researchers focused on the skin microbiome.