Research Progress of Molten Salt Electrolytes with Moderate and Low Temperature

中低温熔盐具有很多优点，其在冶金、电解、能源等领域具有广泛的应用价值。根据中低温熔盐的特点，本文分析了硝酸盐、卤化盐、交互熔盐及复合熔盐的种类、化学组成、熔点、热分解温度、比热、粘度等热力学性质，归纳了现有实验技术对上述熔盐体系进行改造提高其综合热性能的成果，比较分析了各种热力学模型和实验方法开发熔盐体系的优缺点，总结了熔盐体系可能的应用价值。最后展望了如何采用新方法开发新型低熔点耐高温混合熔盐，以及采用新的实验技术手段对其进行掺杂改性以提高其热力学性能。Medium and low-temperature molten salts have many advantages and possess extensive application value in fields such as metallurgy, electrolysis, and energy. According to the characteristics of medium and low-temperature molten salts, this paper analyzes the thermodynamic properties such as the types, chemical compositions, melting points, thermal decomposition temperatures, specific heats and viscosities of nitrates, halides, alternating molten salts and composite molten salts, and summarizes the achievements of the existing experimental techniques in improving the comprehensive thermal performance of the above molten salt systems. The advantages and disadvantages of developing molten salt systems by various thermodynamic models and experimental methods were compared and analyzed, and the possible application values of molten salt systems were summarized. Finally, it looks forward to how to develop new types of low-melting-point and high-temperature resistant mixed molten salts by adopting new methods, and how to dope and modify them by using new experimental technical means to improve their thermodynamic properties.