Enhancing Transparency in Buyer-Driven Commodity Chains for Complex Products: Extending a Blockchain-Based Traceability Framework Towards the Circular Economy

This study extends our prior blockchain-based traceability framework, WEave, for application to a furniture supply chain scenario, while using the original multi-tier apparel supply chain as an anchoring use case. We integrate circular economy principles such as product reuse, recycling traceability, and full lifecycle transparency to bolster sustainability and resilience in supply chains by enabling data-driven accountability and tracking for closed-loop resource flows. The enhanced approach can track post-consumer returns, use of recycled materials, and second-life goods, all represented using a closed-loop supply chain topology. We describe the extended network architecture and smart contract logic needed to capture circular lifecycle events, while proposing new metrics for evaluating lifecycle traceability and reuse auditability. To validate the extended framework, we outline simulation experiments that incorporate circular flows and cross-industry scenarios. Results from these simulations indicate improved transparency on recycled content, audit trails for returned products, and acceptable performance overhead when scaling to different product domains. Finally, we offer conclusions and recommendations for implementing WEave functionality into real-world settings consistent with the goals of digital, resilient, and sustainable supply chains.