Psychosocial Dimensions of Career Anxiety: Examining Self-Efficacy, Family Environment, Locus of Control, and Ambiguity Tolerance Among Indian Adolescents

Career anxiety has emerged as a significant concern among adolescents navigating the complexities of educational transitions and career decision-making in contemporary India. This study explores the psychosocial dimensions of career anxiety by examining its association with career decision self-efficacy (CDSE), family environment (FE), locus of control (LOC), and career decision ambiguity tolerance (CDAT). The research aims to identify the extent to which these psychosocial factors contribute to the experience of career anxiety among Indian adolescents. Rooted in theoretical frameworks of cognitive appraisal, social learning, and personality psychology, this study adopts a multidimensional approach to career anxiety. A sample of 977 students from grades X and XII in Jaipur, Rajasthan, was surveyed using standardized instruments assessing the constructs of CA, CDSE, LOC, CDAT, and FE. The findings reveal a complex interplay between internal personal beliefs and external environmental influences. Higher levels of self-efficacy and ambiguity tolerance were associated with lower levels of career anxiety. At the same time, external locus of control and unsupportive family environments were positively correlated with heightened anxiety. This research also emphasizes the cultural and contextual influences shaping adolescents’ psychological experiences—socio-cultural expectations, academic pressures, and evolving occupational landscapes further compound career-related stress. The study underscores the significance of a supportive family environment and a strong sense of personal agency in mitigating anxiety. In conclusion, the findings highlight the necessity of adopting a holistic and culturally sensitive framework to understand career anxiety. Interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy, fostering open family communication, and developing tolerance for ambiguity can be instrumental in promoting psychological well-being and informed career decision-making among adolescents.