Anti-Microbial, Anti-Diabetic (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) Inhibitory Potential and Screening of Bioactive Chemical Compounds of Coriandrum Sativum Seeds Extract

Background: Secondary metabolites, or SMs, are substances that are necessary for an organism's (cell's) survival yet have an impact on the organism's surroundings. These substances are important for protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stressors. Secondary metabolites are members of the other metabolite families and can be highly generated in response to stress. By participating in nutrition and reproduction, primary metabolites play a crucial role in providing metabolic activities. Accordingly, a small number of SMs are particularly chemical, such as medications, tastes, scents, insecticides, and dyes, and are consequently very cost-effective. Purposes: The current study's objectives are: Evaluation of the extract from Coriandrum sativum seeds' antimicrobial and anti-diabetic (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) inhibitory properties as well as the identification of its bioactive chemical components. Materials and Methods: In the Hillah secondary city's local market, the coriander seeds were ground into a powder. It is ground to expand the surface area and speed up the extraction process. Glass beads and sample were combined in a 2:1 v/v ratio for the experiment. One hundred grammes of the sample was put into the glass-bead extraction jar, and it was extracted for around four hours, or until the extraction was finished. To make sure the extraction process was completed, the extract was harvested every 30 minutes, and the obtained oil was weighed right away. Results: Peak Wave number cm-ˡ, Intensity, Type of Intensity, Bond, Type of Vibration, and Functional group assignment were as follows: (667.37, 67.245, Strong, =C–H, Alkenes), (794.67, 77.258, Strong, =C–H, Alkenes), (1045.42, 65.642, Strong, C-F, alkyl halides), (1238.30, 81.459, Strong, C-F, alkyl halides), (1519.91, 75.457, Medium, C=C, Aromatic), (1531.48, 74.327, Medium, C=C, Aromatic), (1633.71, 68.420, Bending, N-H, Amide), (2854.65, 86.016, Strong, C-H, Alkane), (2924.09, 81.209, Strong, C-H, Alkane), (3163.26, 84.032, Strong, C-H, Alkane). Based on the extract type (Crude methanolic extract, ethanolic fraction, and standard acarbose), the corresponding inhibitory potencies against α-amylase were 89.73±0.54, 61.10±0.27, and 17.30 ± 0.09, respectively. 63.25±0.29, 31.83±0.15, and 15.89±0.06 were the measured inhibitory potencies against α-glucosidase activity, respectively. At a significantly (P < 0.05) lower concentration, crude methanolic extract demonstrated a better percentage inhibition against α-amylase than the antidiabetic medication acarbose (72.16%).