The Role of Soft Power in India-Maldives Bilateral Relations

This research paper examines the role of soft power in shaping and sustaining the bilateral relations between India and the Maldives. As immediate maritime neighbors in the Indian Ocean region, the two countries share deep-rooted cultural, historical, and strategic ties. Beyond traditional diplomacy and strategic cooperation, India has increasingly employed soft power tools such as cultural diplomacy, educational exchanges, humanitarian aid, and development assistance to build goodwill and influence in the Maldives. The paper analyzes how these instruments have contributed to India’s image as a reliable partner, especially in times of crisis—such as during the COVID-19 pandemic—and how they have complemented India’s broader geopolitical interests in the region. The study also addresses emerging challenges, including the rise of alternative influences like China and domestic political narratives such as the “India Out” campaign, which test the resilience and perception of India’s soft power. By applying Joseph Nye’s soft power theory within the South Asian geopolitical context, the paper evaluates the effectiveness and limitations of India’s soft power in maintaining strategic partnerships in its neighborhood.