Using the Direct Method in the Environmental Impact Assessment of Air Pollution in Iraq

Dust storms represent the primary source of air pollution in Iraq, with a significant increase in the number of suspended particles in the atmosphere of Baghdad. Research conducted over the past three decades has revealed that the city of Baghdad is subject to approximately 20 dust storms per year. Human activities have been identified as a contributing factor to environmental degradation, particularly in densely populated cities such as Baghdad, which has a population exceeding eight million. The recent increase in industrial growth exacerbates the problem, leading to increased emissions and environmental degradation. In 2018, the highest monthly average of total suspended particles (TSP) was recorded in June, July, and August, with a value of 850 µg/m3. October, on the other hand, exhibited a significantly higher average of 1500 µg/m3. In 2019, the TSP reached its maximum level of 1024.5 µg/m³ in June and subsequently decreased to its minimum monthly average of 70.2 µg/m³ in January. These levels are elevated in comparison to international standards . To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the air quality in Baghdad, it is imperative to conduct meticulous measurements of total suspended particulate (TSP), heavy metals, and a diverse array of gases. This comprehensive analysis is expected to elucidate the city's air quality concerns and facilitate the development of efficacious solutions. Addressing these pollutants is imperative to enhance public health and the environment in one of Iraq's most densely populated regions.