First-Ever Stroke Outcomes in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most significant modifying risk factor for the development of cardioembolic stroke, which is associated with worse outcomes and higher intrahospital mortality compared to other types of ischemic stroke. Antithrombotic medications are administered as prophylactic treatment in patients with a risk of stroke. The aim of this study was to determine outcome measures in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke and AF regarding prior antithrombotic therapy. <b>Methods</b>: We collected data on stroke risk factors, CHADS₂ score, and international normalized ratio (INR) value in the context of warfarin therapy, as well as data related to localization, stroke severity, and functional outcome at discharge. <b>Results</b>: A total of 754 subjects with first-ever ischemic stroke and AF were included in this cross-sectional study (122 on warfarin, 210 on acetylsalicylic acid, and 422 without prior antithrombotic therapy). The diagnosis of AF was previously unknown in 31% of the subjects. Stroke risk factors (arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiomyopathy) were significantly lower in the group without prior antithrombotic therapy. The anticoagulant group was significantly younger (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Overall, 45.4% of subjects with a previously known AF event and a high risk of developing stroke received anticoagulant therapy. Participants on warfarin had a significantly better functional outcome than those on antiplatelet therapy or without prior antithrombotic therapy (median mRS 4 vs. 5 vs. 5; <i>p</i> = 0.025) and lower NIHSS scores, although the difference was not statistically significant (median 10 vs. 12 vs. 12; <i>p</i> = 0.09). There was no difference between stroke localization among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.116). <b>Conclusions</b>: Our study showed that, in our cohort, first-ever ischemic stroke due to AF was more common in women. Subjects on prior anticoagulant therapy had more favorable outcomes at discharge.