Ochratoxin A and its Relationship with Biochemical Markers in Human with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, which potentially leads to development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its exposure in the human body may alter several biochemical indicators that include serum creatinine, urea, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Objective: The study was conducted with the aim of examining the connection between OTA levels in the serum and the biomarkers (creatinine, urea and ALP) in patients of kidney renal diseases. Procedures: This was done by taking fifty samples of the kidney failure patients and fifty samples of the healthy persons. Each patient had their blood collected during September 2024 to April 2025. Results: The results depicted that the levels of Alkaline phosphatase in both the ‘with OTA CKD patients’ and the without OTA CKD patients were increased (188-212.26) mg/dl as compared to the controls. In the current research, it was revealed that the levels of Creatinine and Urea are also increased in the patients with OTA or without OTA, it was between (6.7-12) mg/dl, (166-120) kg/dl respectively, compared with healthy individuals with significant differences. Conclusion: The results of the current study indicated that serum blood compositions in patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were still high regarding Ochratoxin a (OTA). Further, the findings showed that women patients seemed to be more sensitive of the toxic effects of OTA compared to men. Notably, the OTA in the blood samples obtained in CKD patients are above the safety levels recommended across the globe. In general, the authors proved the existence of the strong relationship between OTA exposure and the occurrence of CKD, which proves the possibility of the involvement of this mycotoxin into the development of the kidney dysfunction.