The Principles, Applications, and Development Trends of GIS and Remote Sensing Technology in Precision Agriculture

Agriculture is a fundamental industry that ensures global food security and economic development, but it is confronted with multiple challenges such as climate change, land degradation, water shortage, and population growth. To address these issues, agriculture is increasingly shifting towards data-driven and precise management approaches. Hence, precision agriculture (PA) achieves the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production through precise perception, data analysis, and intelligent decision-making. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing technology (RS), as key spatial information technologies for the implementation of precision agriculture, have been widely applied in fields such as crop monitoring, soil management, yield assessment, and variable input. This paper systematically reviews the typical applications of GIS and remote sensing technologies in agriculture, analyzes their advantages and limitations in combination with specific cases, and further explores the development trend of future technology integration, with the aim of providing theoretical support and practical reference for technological innovation in precision agriculture.