Exploring Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Genetics To Emerging Therapies

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the reversible accumulation of hepatic lipids without significant inflammation. The rising prevalence of NAFLD across all age groups has been strongly associated with lifestyle-related conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A comprehensive understanding of the diverse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of NAFLD is crucial for developing targeted interventions. These may include pharmacological therapies designed to inhibit pathways driving hepatic dysregulation and steatosis. Recent advancements have also highlighted the growing importance of non-invasive diagnostic tools utilizing simple biomarkers, which offer ease of application and accessibility. Alongside these tools, ongoing research into novel pharmacotherapies, combined with lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, as well as surgical interventions, when necessary, holds promise for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. This review summarizes key diagnostic approaches and management strategies for NAFLD, emphasizing their potential in addressing this global health challenge.