Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Autoimmune Diseases: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Strategies

The gut microbiome plays an important role in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases(AIDS) like rheumatoid arthritis(RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This narrative review synthesizes the current evidence on how gut dysbiosis contributes to autoimmunity through different mechanisms. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome, which include probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT), dietary interventions, and pharmacological modulators, show a promise in restoring microbial balance. while dysbiosis is told as both a cause and consequence of autoimmunity, its exact role still remains complex. Advances in research could shift AID from management of symptoms to prevention and maybe even cure, revolutionizing autoimmune medicine