Hydrochemical characteristic and irrigation water quality in Amyntaio Basin, Greece

This study evaluates the hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the Amyntaio basin, Greece, with an emphasis on assessing suitability for agricultural use. Comprehensive sampling and analysis of water samples from Zazari Lake, Cheimaditida Lake, and boreholes revealed significant spatial variation in key parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), major cations and anions. The data indicate that while both lakes provide water suitable for irrigation, certain groundwater samples exhibit elevated salinity and sodium hazard, particularly in areas proximal to the Amyntaio lignite mine. Hydrochemical facies identified using Piper diagrams highlight the dominance of Ca-Mg-HCO₃ and Ca-Mg-HCO₃-SO₄ water types. Evaluation of water quality indices, including SAR, Na%, PI, KR, and TDS, revealed that most samples fall within acceptable limits for irrigation, though a few groundwater samples may pose risks for sensitive crops. These findings underscore the need for integrated water resource management and the adoption of advanced monitoring technologies to ensure long-term water sustainability in the region.