Design of Biocarbon Byproduct Utilization Processes for Ironmaking and Steelmaking

One method of reducing life cycle carbon emissions in steelmaking is using biocarbon to replace coal as a carbon source. However, biocarbon production has several challenges; two of these are increased cost compared to coal and the production of corrosive condensable byproducts. This work includes novel process designs and eco-technoeconomic analyses for three methods of byproduct utilization to close the price gap between biocarbon and coal, while also treating the byproducts before they condense. These methods include combustion for heat, electricity generation, and syngas production through autothermal steam reforming. All utilization methods were found to be financially viable. Based on utility costs and emissions in southern Ontario, Canada, the net added value of byproducts is up to 750 CAD2024, and net carbon emissions savings are up to 4 tons CO2e for each ton of biocarbon produced, compared to a scenario where value is not gained from the byproducts.