The acute and chronic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral cannabidiol with and without low doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Individuals subject to drug testing should recognize that hemp products contain detectable amounts of Δ9-THC. Conventional drug testing cannot reliably distinguish between illicit cannabis and legal hemp-derived product use, and a positive urine Δ9-THC test may result from low doses that do not produce intoxication or impairment.
Authors
- Ryan G. Vandrey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6657-884X)
- C. Austin Zamarripa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-8984)
- Svante Vikingsson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-3049)
- Marcel O. Bonn‐Miller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-5386)
- Ronald Flegel
- Tory R. Spindle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2859-116X)
- E. J. Cone
- David Isaac Wolinsky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-7333)
- George E. Bigelow
- Mitchell Klausner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-6895)
- Eugene D Hayes
- Ruth E. Winecker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-1900)
- Lisa S Davis
- D Kuntz
Institutions
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- RTI International (US)
- Behavioral Pharma (United States) (US)
- Charlotte's Web (United States) (US)
- Laboratoire National de Référence (MA)
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Analytical Toxicology
- Published
- 2025-07-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkaf075
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.39
Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Johns Hopkins University
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration