Effect of ozone and melatonin on oxidative stress parameters and enzymatic factors of the liver and kidney in mice with busulfan-induced injury

Effect of ozone and melatonin on oxidative stress parameters and enzymatic factors of the liver and kidney in mice with busulfan-induced injury INTRODUCTIONCancer, a major cause of death globally, is often treated with chemotherapy.The impact of chemotherapy on enhancing and extending the lifespan of cancer patients is indisputable.However, this treatment frequently causes serious health issues such as cognitive impairments, early menopause, heart conditions, bone and joint disorders, secondary cancers, disruption of the blood-testis barrier, and kidney diseases (1,2) .The liver and kidneys are crucial for drug and toxin metabolism and elimination, as well as for maintaining homeostasis.Therefore, injury to the liver and kidneys can be very harmful.Kidney failure can occur for various reasons, such as chemotherapy, shock, infection, surgery, or antibiotic use.Similarly, liver failure can be caused by the consumption of certain drugs or toxic chemicals (3,4) .Research has demonstrated that oxidative stress is a significant factor in causing liver and kidney injuries, so antioxidants may be effective in healing these injuries (5,6) .Chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity is a major complication that reduces the effectiveness of treatment (7).Chemotherapy agents like Busulfan can cause various kidney-related disorders, including kidney tissue inflammation, papillary necrosis, urinary changes, hemorrhagic cystitis, acute tubular necrosis, and infarction (7,8) .Another disorder related to Busulfan is hepatic veno-occlusive disease, the occurrence of which varies depending on the dose of Busulfan consumed (9) .Before bone marrow transplantation, Busulfan is one of the most commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs.Chemotherapy drugs, including Busulfan, damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), leading to the induction of aging and, in some cases, apoptosis.This medication possesses the capability to trigger apoptosis in germ cells.Busulfan belongs to the class of alkylating agents and is a synthetic derivative of dimethane-sulfonate (10) .It is one of the cytotoxic drugs, and when it is hydrolyzed, it releases methane sulfonate groups.These methane sulfonate groups finally turn into methanesulfonic acid and