An Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Method for Remanufacturing Design Considering Carbon Emission and Human Ergonomics

Remanufacturing design is a green design model that considers remanufacturability during the design process to improve the reuse of components. However, traditional remanufacturing design scheme decision making focuses on the remanufacturability indicator and does not fully consider the carbon emissions of the remanufacturing process, which will take away the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of remanufacturing. In addition, remanufacturing design schemes rarely consider the human ergonomics of the product, which leads to uncomfortable handling of the product by the customer. To reduce the remanufacturing carbon emission and improve customer comfort, it is necessary to select a reasonable design scheme to satisfy the carbon emission reduction and ergonomics demand; therefore, this paper proposes an integrated multi-criteria decision-making method for remanufacturing design that considers the carbon emission and human ergonomics. Firstly, an evaluation system of remanufacturing design schemes is constructed to consider the remanufacturability, cost, carbon emission, and human ergonomics of the product, and the evaluation indicators are quantified by the normalization method and the Kansei engineering (KE) method; meanwhile, the hierarchical analysis method (AHP) and entropy weight method (EW) are used for the calculation of the subjective and objective weights. Then, a multi-attribute decision-making method based on the combination of an assignment approximation of ideal solution ranking (TOPSIS) and gray correlation analysis (GRA) is proposed to complete the design scheme selection. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by taking a household coffee machine as an example. This method has been implemented as an application using Visual Studio 2022 and Microsoft SQL Server 2022. The research results indicate that this decision-making method can quickly and accurately generate reasonable remanufacturing design schemes.