Successful treatment of advanced Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation using anlotinib combined with PD-1 inhibitor after first-line therapy failure: a case report

This case not only reveals the complexity and treatment challenges of BHD syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation but also provides an important basis for the development of individualized treatment strategies. The successful treatment of this case suggests that targeted immunotherapy may have potential advantages in refractory cases and emphasizes the important role of gene testing in guiding individualized treatment. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the molecular mechanism of BHD syndrome-associated renal cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma and verify the efficacy of targeted immunotherapy.