Artificial defoliation effects on full season and double crop soybean yields

Double-cropping soybean behind winter wheat harvested in June or July is a common production practice in the Southeast USA. This contrasts full-season soybean production where soybean are planted earlier in April and May. Usually, double-cropped soybean does not yield as high as full-season soybean due to a shorter period of vegetative growth. Hence, photosynthetic tissue loss by defoliating insects might have a great negative impact on yield loss in double-cropped relative to full-season soybean, but this has not been extensively explored. We hypothesized that defoliation during R5 (seed filling) would cause more yield loss in doubled-cropped compared to full-season soybean. To explore this, we planted soybean either in May or July, simulating full-season and double-cropped cropping systems, and manually defoliated plants by removing leaflets at R5. We compared 0, 16.7, 33.3, 66.6 and 100% defoliation levels in a factorial design. We evaluated yield, yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 200 seeds) and canopy coverage. Full-season soybean had a higher overall yield compared to double-cropped soybean. Across both cropping systems, yield decreased as defoliation levels increased. Across defoliation levels, some yield components were reduced, but only at high defoliation levels (100% defoliation). Across cropping systems, seeds were heavier in full-season compared to double-cropped soybean. Overall, the impacts of defoliation did not change between these two cropping systems. These findings need to be supported by further research to refine thresholds for defoliating insects in southeastern US soybean • Double crop and full season soybean yields responded similarly to defoliation. • Only the 100% defoliation level resulted in a significant yield reduction for both full season and double crop soybeans. • In North Carolina, the defoliation threshold for full season soybean reproductive stages was updated to 25%. ResumoA soja double-cropped, plantada após o trigo de inverno em junho ou julho, é uma prática comum no sudeste dos EUA. Ao contrário da soja full-season, que é plantada mais cedo, em abril e maio, a soja double-cropped geralmente tem menor produtividade devido ao período de crescimento vegetativo mais curto. Perda de tecido fotossintético por insetos desfolhadores poderia afetar a produtividade de forma diferente na soja double-cropped em comparação com a soja full-season, mas isso ainda não foi amplamente estudado. Nossa hipótese é que a desfolha durante o R5 causaria maior perda de produtividade na soja double-cropped do que na soja full-season. Plantamos soja em maio e julho, simulando datas de plantio de soja full-season e double-cropped, e realizamos desfolha manual das plantas no estagio fenologico R5, removendo folíolos. Compararam-se níveis de desfolha de 0%, 16.7%, 33.3%, 66.6% e 100% em um experimento fatorial. Avaliamos a produtividade, os componentes de produtividade (número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e peso de 200 sementes) e o fechamento de entrelinha. A soja full-season apresentou maior produtividade em comparação com a soja double-cropped. Em ambas as datas de plantio, a produtividade diminuiu à medida que o nível de desfolha aumentou. Alguns componentes de produtividade foram reduzidos, mas somente com altos níveis de desfolha. Em geral, os impactos da desfolha não variaram entre os dois tipos de plantio. Os resultados necessitam ser suportados por mais pesquisa para refinar os níveis de dano econômico de soja no sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Palavras-chave: sistema de plantio, nivel de dano economico, componentes de produtividade, vagens

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Publication Details

Journal
Crop Protection
Published
2025-07-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107347
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Soybean genetics and cultivation
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.75

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article

Artificial defoliation effects on full season and double crop soybean yields

Dominic Reisig, Igor Sulzbacher Schardong, Anders S. Huseth, Rachel Vann
1 citations
Crop Protection
Soybean genetics and cultivation
1.75
article

Artificial defoliation effects on full season and double crop soybean yields

Dominic Reisig, Igor Sulzbacher Schardong, Anders S. Huseth, Rachel Vann
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Double-cropping soybean behind winter wheat harvested in June or July is a common production practice in the Southeast USA. This contrasts full-season soybean production where soybean are planted earlier in April and May. Usually, double-cropped soybean does not yield as high as full-season soybean due to a shorter period of vegetative growth. Hence, photosynthetic tissue loss by defoliating insects might have a great negative impact on yield loss in double-cropped relative to full-season soybean, but this has not been extensively explored. We hypothesized that defoliation during R5 (seed filling) would cause more yield loss in doubled-cropped compared to full-season soybean. To explore this, we planted soybean either in May or July, simulating full-season and double-cropped cropping systems, and manually defoliated plants by removing leaflets at R5. We compared 0, 16.7, 33.3, 66.6 and 100% defoliation levels in a factorial design. We evaluated yield, yield components (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 200 seeds) and canopy coverage. Full-season soybean had a higher overall yield compared to double-cropped soybean. Across both cropping systems, yield decreased as defoliation levels increased. Across defoliation levels, some yield components were reduced, but only at high defoliation levels (100% defoliation). Across cropping systems, seeds were heavier in full-season compared to double-cropped soybean. Overall, the impacts of defoliation did not change between these two cropping systems. These findings need to be supported by further research to refine thresholds for defoliating insects in southeastern US soybean • Double crop and full season soybean yields responded similarly to defoliation. • Only the 100% defoliation level resulted in a significant yield reduction for both full season and double crop soybeans. • In North Carolina, the defoliation threshold for full season soybean reproductive stages was updated to 25%. ResumoA soja double-cropped, plantada após o trigo de inverno em junho ou julho, é uma prática comum no sudeste dos EUA. Ao contrário da soja full-season, que é plantada mais cedo, em abril e maio, a soja double-cropped geralmente tem menor produtividade devido ao período de crescimento vegetativo mais curto. Perda de tecido fotossintético por insetos desfolhadores poderia afetar a produtividade de forma diferente na soja double-cropped em comparação com a soja full-season, mas isso ainda não foi amplamente estudado. Nossa hipótese é que a desfolha durante o R5 causaria maior perda de produtividade na soja double-cropped do que na soja full-season. Plantamos soja em maio e julho, simulando datas de plantio de soja full-season e double-cropped, e realizamos desfolha manual das plantas no estagio fenologico R5, removendo folíolos. Compararam-se níveis de desfolha de 0%, 16.7%, 33.3%, 66.6% e 100% em um experimento fatorial. Avaliamos a produtividade, os componentes de produtividade (número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem e peso de 200 sementes) e o fechamento de entrelinha. A soja full-season apresentou maior produtividade em comparação com a soja double-cropped. Em ambas as datas de plantio, a produtividade diminuiu à medida que o nível de desfolha aumentou. Alguns componentes de produtividade foram reduzidos, mas somente com altos níveis de desfolha. Em geral, os impactos da desfolha não variaram entre os dois tipos de plantio. Os resultados necessitam ser suportados por mais pesquisa para refinar os níveis de dano econômico de soja no sudeste dos Estados Unidos. Palavras-chave: sistema de plantio, nivel de dano economico, componentes de produtividade, vagens

Crop ProtectionVol. 197
North Carolina State University (US)
DuPont, North Carolina Soybean Producers Association
Zero hunger
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Soybean genetics and cultivation
1.75
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