Study of the interplay between cancer, inflammation, and immune disorders: A cellular automaton approach

Cancer is a complex disease influenced by immune system interactions and inflammatory processes. This study introduces a novel tumor-immune cellular automaton (CA) to explore the relationship between autoimmune diseases and cancer, the effects of immunosuppressive therapies on tumor growth, and potential treatment interactions in comorbid cases. Simulations reveal that autoimmune diseases can accelerate tumor progression, mainly when cancer cells exhibit high immune evasion and inflammatory responses. Conversely, our model suggests an overactive immune system may eliminate less aggressive tumors. Our simulations also showed that immunosuppressive treatments contributed to tumor growth. This fact aligns with clinical findings linking immunosuppression to higher cancer risk, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment strategies for immune dysfunction and comorbidities. Computational models like the one presented here provide a valuable framework for optimizing therapeutic approaches where cancer and immune disorders coexist. • We develop a cellular automaton to simulate tumor-immune interactions. • Our model shows autoimmune diseases can speed up tumor growth. • Our findings indicate T cells can eliminate low-aggressive tumor cells. • Our model reveals immunosuppressive treatments enhances tumor growth. • Our work highlights the need for tailored treatments in comorbid patients.