Methylation of the NR3C1 Gene and Behavior

Background: Methylation of the NR3C1 gene affects the glucocorticoid receptors, which are directly related to the stress response via the HPA axis. Exposure to various stressors can lead to methylation, causing significant changes in how a person interacts with their environment. Methods: A brief review was conducted of three research studies examining the interactions between the environment and the NR3C1 gene. Results: Research indicates an interplay between the type of stressor experienced, the degree of methylation, and an individual's level of resilience. NR3C1 methylation, which occurs in infants as a response to perinatal stressors, may be, at least temporarily, adaptive. In adolescents, NR3C1 methylation is affected by exposure to stressors and trauma. Conclusion: Methylation of the NR3C1 gene can occur in response to the environment, and these changes impact a person’s behavior to varying degrees.