A &gt;7-Year Feeding Study on the Long-Term Effects of Genetically Modified Maize Containing <i>cry1Ab/cry2Aj</i> and <i>EPSPS</i> Genes on Immune Status and Serum Metabolites in Two Generations of Cynomolgus Macaques

A >7-year study was conducted using cynomolgus macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) to evaluate the long-term effects of genetically modified (GM) maize on the immune status and serum metabolic profile across two generations. The GM insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize line used carried the <i>cry1Ab/cry2Aj</i> and <i>G10evo-EPSPS</i> genes. The macaques were maintained on GM maize-based, non-GM maize-based, or normal diet for >7 years, and their offspring received the corresponding diet postweaning. Multigenerational analyses encompassed immunoglobulin profiles, cytokine networks, and serum metabolome characteristics to assess the potential impact of GM maize on immune system development and metabolic homeostasis. No statistically significant differences were observed in the majority of parameters between the GM-fed and control (non-GM and normal diet) groups. This longitudinal investigation provides substantial evidence for the metabolic equivalence and immunological compatibility of the GM maize formulation in cynomolgus macaques.