Challenges and Opportunities of Environmental Governance in 21st Century Nigeria

Abstract: The 21st century has brought unprecedented environmental problems to the fore, with Nigeria facing so many struggles in enhancing social development, economic growth and environmental sustainability. Therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the complexities of environmental governance in Nigeria, revealing the tensions between federal and state authorities, the role of civil society, and the impact of international agreements on national policy. In this research, secondary method of data collection was utilized by conducting a critical analysis of existing literature and policy frameworks. This study reveals key problems such as, inadequate institutional capacity, corruption, and conflicting interests, as well as opportunities for innovation, community engagement, and sustainable development. The findings shows the need for an inclusive and more effective governance framework that integrates environmental concerns into the strategies of national development, promotes stakeholder participation, and utilizing technology and international cooperation to address the pressing environmental challenges facing Nigeria. This research contributes to the broader discourse on environmental governance in developing countries, as it offers insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to ascertain the complexities of sustainable development in the 21st century.