Protection that lasts? MVA-BN against clade IIb mpox

Clade IIb monkeypox virus infection was first declared a public health emergency of international concern in 2022. The global outbreak was largely driven by sexual transmission, primarily among men who have sex with men, and disproportionately affected people living with HIV. WHO currently recommends the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccine in a two-dose series to protect against mpox.1 Most of what is known about clinical outcomes after full immunisation is derived from case reports or small cohort studies, typically involving infections within 2 weeks of vaccination or in individuals with HIV co-infection.