Possibility of bubble structure and study of various nuclear shapes in ²² O, ³⁶ Ar, ⁴⁰ Ca, ⁵² Ar, ⁶⁸ Se, ⁸⁴ Se, ¹⁰⁰ Sn, ¹¹⁶ Ce, ¹²⁸ Cd, ¹³⁸

Abstract We are applying the Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory with the density-dependent DD-ME2 interaction to investigate the possibility of reduced central nucleonic density (bubble structure) in 22 O, 34 Si, 36 Ar, 40 Ca, 52 Ar, 68 Se, 84 Se, 100 Sn, 116 Ce, 128 Cd, 138 Ce, 200 Hg and 208 Pb isotopes. We have done the axial studies by varrying the quadrupole deformation parameter β 2 (−0.5 to 0.5) in the steps of 0.05. After the experimental verification of the proton bubble in 34 Si, it is important to explore other possible bubble candidates. We have also calculated the data for 34 Si using DD-ME2 interaction and compared with experimental data. The depletion fraction of experimental nucleonic density ( ρ ( fm −3 )) ≈ 25%. As per our finding we have the depletion fraction of nucleonic density ( ρ ( fm −3 )) = 24%. So we can say that the DD-ME2 interaction we used can perfectly reproduce the experimental data and also can effectively provide the theoretical data for other isotopes. After analyzing the density plots of these isotopes, we have characterized the isotopes as best, good, bad and no bubble candidates. The best bubble candidates are 22 O, 34 Si, 100 Sn, 138 Ce and 200 Hg, the good bubble candidates are 68 Se and 84 Se, the bad bubble candidates are 36 Ar, 52 Ar, 116 Ce and 128 Cd, and no bubble candidates are 40 Ca and 208 Pb. We have also done the comparative analysis of β 2 as a function of mass number with the FRDM calculations and NNDC data.