Frequency Stabilization of Renewable Energy Penetrated AC Microgrid by SCA Tuned 2-DOF Controller

The special kind of power source that can provide electricity to a small geographic area where electrifying it with a utility system would be too difficult is a microgrid. A “microgrid” is a distribution level grid that is linked to a range of small-scale power generating devices, such as thermo-electric generator, solar panels, wind turbines, and fuel cells, as well as new accumulation devices, such as flywheels and ultra capacitors and battery bank. The weather affects the capacity to produce electricity from renewable energy-based power plants, such as wind and solar photovoltaic systems. Variations in load dynamics, wind speed, and sun intensity all cause a considerable decline in microgrid performance, especially frequency. The frequency oscillation degrades the microgrid performances and it requires an immediate action for obtaining steady and constant frequency. To acquire a stable system frequency performance under various conditions, this work has employed a unique structured two-degree of freedom controller (2-DOF) controller. This research forum also made a performance related comparison analysis of the projected 2dof controller over PI and standard PID controllers. This work also planned an excellent Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) to tune the relative gains of the implemented controllers.