Comprehensive Component Health Monitoring of 3-Phase 2-Stage Grid Connected PV System via Digital Twin

This article presents a novel approach for parameter estimation, health monitoring, and power loss calculation of a 3-phase 2-stage grid-connected photo-voltaic (PV) system using a digital twin (DT) framework. The newly developed DT is based on a time-domain mathematical modelling approach. Moreover, a novel optimal equilibrium optimizer (OEO) algorithm is employed to find the values of unknown parameters of developed DT. Initially, the system’s unknown parameters are estimated under healthy operating conditions through novel OEO algorithm. As the system operates, the DT continuously monitors and updates these parameters, identifying any deviations or degradation in system components. The internal resistances of critical components are estimated, enabling an accurate calculation of power losses within the system. To study the impact of component’s health degradation, power loss, total harmonic distortion (THD) and magnitude of dc-link voltage fluctuation are analyzed in details for different test scenario. Additionally, a novel reduced loop circular limit cycle oscillator (RL-CLO) based hysteresis current control (HCC) control technique is used to achieve the optimal performance of the entire system. Finally, the results are validated through experimental prototype developed in the laboratory, confirming the reliability and accuracy of the proposed approach. This research offers a powerful approach for parameter estimation, power loss calculation, and performance optimization of grid-connected PV systems.