MAT: Mixing Attention Transfer from Multiple Transformers for Medical Tasks

Transformer has been widely used for image analysis tasks, but in medicine, it suffers from limited data availability. To overcome this challenge, we propose a novel approach specially designed for transformers to transfer knowledge from multiple sources to target medical tasks with limited data, named Mixing Attention Transfer (MAT). MAT aims to harness and merge knowledge from multiple source transformers at the token and layer level to improve the performance of target medical tasks. The core component of MAT is the Mixing Attention layer, which encompasses: 1. token-level Routing and Fusion modules that allocate input images to adequate source modules; 2. sequence-level Aligned-Attention module that adaptively aligns outputs produced by different source modules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-source transfer learning approach specifically designed for transformers. Through extensive evaluations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of MAT on three medical scenarios: noisy-labeled, class-imbalanced, and fine-grained tasks.