Photocatalytic Direct C3-Amidation of 2<i>H</i>-Indazole
The direct functionalization of privileged heterocycles could efficiently and site-selectively functionalize pharmacophores to expedite the construction of a focused library for mapping druglike chemical space. A variety of biologically active 2<i>H</i>-indazoles have been documented, but the direct amidation of 2<i>H</i>-indazoles remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report the first transition metal-free 3-amidation of 2<i>H</i>-indazoles under photoredox conditions. Employing 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as an inexpensive photocatalyst and <i>N</i>-aminopyridinium salts as the amidyl radical sources, various 3-amidated 2<i>H</i>-indazoles were generated (22 examples, up to 90% yield). Furthermore, we also achieved photocatalytic late-stage modification of drug molecules. This protocol may represent a feasible molecular editing strategy on privileged drug scaffolds to efficiently generate a focused library.
Authors
- Bin Yu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-643X)
- Chunhua Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-6471)
- Yi Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-895X)
- Qingjie Ding (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-3125)
- Yu Ji (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4498-6272)
Institutions
- Zhengzhou University (CN)
- Ministry of Education (BD)
- Henan Normal University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Published
- 2025-07-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5c00674
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Radical Photochemical Reactions
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.81
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province
- Education Department of Henan Province
- National Science and Technology Major Project
- Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province