Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of a typical RC school building using hybrid-based fragility curves

Seismic risk assessment is a critical process for quantifying the expected structural damage and economic losses resulting from seismic events. Such studies are essential for developing effective pre-earthquake preparedness strategies and ensuring the efficient implementation of post-earthquake response plans. In this study, the seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of a typical low-rise reinforced concrete school building with shear wall systems, located at various locations in the province of Adıyaman, was carried out. First, a three-dimensional finite element model of the school building was developed. Subsequently, a nonlinear static (pushover) analysis was performed to obtain the capacity curve of the building. Based on three different empirical models, hybrid-based fragility curves were derived as a function of spectral acceleration. Furthermore, vulnerability curves were constructed using twelve different consequence models. A scenario-based seismic hazard analysis was conducted for the Narince segment, one of the active fault lines in the South-eastern Anatolia Thrust. As a result of the risk assessment, considering the proposed vulnerability models, the expected loss ratio values were computed at different locations. When the results are evaluated as a whole, it is observed that the loss values of the building vary significantly depending on the location. While certain locations are expected to experience irreparable damage, others are likely to sustain only minor, repairable damage. This study serves as a significant example for assessing the seismic risk of typical school building types. The proposed methodology and findings, if extended to other similar typologies, can facilitate the development of a comprehensive and regional-scale seismic risk assessment framework for school buildings.