Long-term results from the AGILE study of azacitidine plus ivosidenib vs placebo in newly diagnosed <i>IDH1</i> -mutated AML

In the phase 3 AGILE study, after a 12.4-month median follow-up, ivosidenib, a mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) inhibitor, combined with azacitidine significantly improved event-free survival, overall survival (OS), and complete remission rates compared with placebo-azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed IDH1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), who were unfit for intensive chemotherapy. This post hoc analysis reports long-term follow-up results from AGILE after a median follow-up of 28.6 months. Overall, 148 patients were randomized to receive ivosidenib-azacitidine (n = 73) or placebo-azacitidine (n = 75). Median OS was significantly longer with ivosidenib (29.3 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.2 to not reached) than with placebo (7.9 months; 95% CI, 4.1-11.3; hazard ratio, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.27-0.65]; P < .0001). Hematologic recovery was faster, more durable, and conversion to transfusion independence (53.8% vs 17.1%; P = .0004) was more common with ivosidenib than with placebo. Of 33 ivosidenib-treated patients evaluable for molecular measurable residual disease (MRD), 10 converted to MRD negativity. Although OS did not differ significantly between MRD-negative and MRD-positive responders at the 0.1% variant allele frequency (VAF) threshold, MRD-negative patients had numerically longer survival. MRD status appeared more predictive of long-term OS when an exploratory 1% VAF threshold was applied. MRD response was not associated with IDH1 variant, VAF, inferred clonality, or number of baseline comutations. The previously reported safety profile was maintained. These long-term efficacy and safety results confirm the benefit of ivosidenib-azacitidine in this challenging-to-treat population and support its use as a standard of care with the longest reported survival benefit for intensive chemotherapy-ineligible patients with IDH1-mutated AML. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT03173248.