The evaluation of the protective effect of propolis extract against acrylamide induced injury on the brain, lung, liver, and kidney of mice

Propolis is a complex chemical compound, made by honeybees, and is known for its varied biological properties, including antitumor, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, and organ-protective effects. Acrylamide, a water-soluble chemical used in a variety of industrial products and created in hot foods, is a group 2A carcinogen with adverse effects on many body systems. The protective consequences of propolis extract on mice exposed to acrylamide are examined in this research. A total of 28 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: control, acrylamide-treated alone, acrylamide plus propolis extract, and propolis-treated extract alone. A propolis extract is obtained by dissolving crude propolis in ethanol. Mice were administered 50 mg/kg acrylamide and 100 mg/kg propolis extract intraperitoneally for 11 days. Histopathological and biochemical analyses, focusing on oxidative stress markers (SOD, GPx, GSH, MDA, FRAP, and catalase), were performed on liver, kidney, lung, and brain tissues. In all tissues studied, acrylamide administration markedly increased oxidative stress and pathological lesions. The group that received propolis extract and acrylamide mitigated these effects, showing a notable decline in tissue lesions and improved oxidative stress parameters. Additionally, propolis extract injection reduced gliosis, edema, pneumonia, necrosis, and other tissue lesions. It also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased MDA levels, indicating reduced lipid peroxidation. This research suggests propolis could act as a therapeutic agent to mitigate the harmful effects of acrylamide.