Environmental Impact Mitigation of Jarosite Waste  Through Advanced Thermal Treatment Techniques

The latter approach is becoming more popular due to numerous advantages, such as possibilities for  resource recovery from waste materials, cost-effectiveness, decreased landfill utilisation, and a reduced impact  on the environment. Notably, waste compounds that contain metals like lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and  cadmium (Cd) frequently exceed allowable limits and cannot be dumped in landfills or aquatic bodies. To ensure  that these wastes satisfy legal requirements before their disposal or transform them into products with additional  value, treatment of that waste is essential prior to disposal. Therefore, treating jarosite to reduce metal concentrations  to acceptable levels or convert it into a value-added product is critical. To fulfil this need, jarosite waste is used  directly in this study. The appropriate waste management improved thermal processing technique is adopted for  copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead treatments to mitigate their impact on the environment. These approaches are  becoming more popular because of their waste management benefits. This study focusses on incorporating jarosite  waste in cement concrete, both directly and by thermal processing. Research shows that hydrometallurgical and  pyrometallurgical wastes are valuable sources of metals. This study aims to analyse the leaching behaviour of  jarosite in concrete before and after thermal treatment. Six experiments were carried out, using 15% jarosite waste  (normal and heated at 600°C) in M30-grade concrete. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)  test determined the amounts of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu. The findings show that the metal concentrations ensure the  suitability of jarosite for concrete production in both forms. This study assessed the chemical, physical, and  microstructural features of concrete produced with jarosite as a partial cement substitute, with a focus on heat of  hydration and durability. The results showed that untreated jarosite used in concrete produce best results, indicati