Precipitation Disparity’s Impact on Groundwater Fluctuation Using Geospatial Techniques in the Ranipet District of Southern India

The influence of precipitation differential on groundwater level fluctuation was investigated using geospatial approaches in the Ranipet area of Tamil Nadu, India. There are nine rain gauge stations in the research area, seven of which receive more precipitation than the state’s average annual precipitation (1035 mm), namely Panapakkam, Kaveripakkam, Ranipet, Kalavai, Arakkonam, Arcot, and Sholinghur. The other two stations, Walajahpet and Palar, get less than 1035 mm of rain each year. The research area’s average annual precipitation is 977.31 mm. During the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons, all five rain gauge sites get more than 100 mm of precipitation. The greatest monthly precipitation is generally recorded in November, while the smallest precipitation is usually recorded in February. Pre-monsoon precipitation in the study region is roughly 59.8 mm, which is essentially non-existent. The following seasons provide precipitation in the order of monsoons: Northeast> Southwest > Post > Pre. The intensity of average annual, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon precipitation rises westward in the study region, according to the geographic disparity research. Precipitation intensity is higher in the northern region during the SW monsoon season and higher in the southern section during the NE monsoon season. In this region, the lowest, mean, and highest depths of occurrence of groundwater are 0.96, 6.64, and 36.25m, respectively. The regional groundwater level lowers from December to June due to less precipitation during the non-monsoon season. Monsoon precipitation (including SW and NE monsoons) recharges groundwater from June to December, with the highest recharge occurring in December.