Long-Period Earthquake Families at the Young Shiveluch Volcano (Russia) in 2022–2023

The strongest eruption of the Young Shiveluch Volcano (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia) in the last 60 years occurred on April 10, 2023. This eruption was preceded by long-term seismic activity since the end of July 2022. Earthquakes of that time were mainly long-period and occurred in the squeezing out extrusive dome. This paper describes the grouping of earthquakes into families in terms of their waveform similarity and based on comparison with the activity of the Young Shiveluch Volcano. In the period of steady constant-velocity dome extrusion, when the pressure did not vary in the vent, earthquakes were grouped into long-term families. The period before the culmination phase was characterized by a greater number of families interpreted as an indicator of the unstable environment. Such increase in the number of earthquake families makes it possible to predict more accurately the beginning of the eruption culmination phase of the andesitic Young Shiveluch Volcano.