IMMUNE DYSREGULATION AND EPITHELIAL STRESS IN CELIAC DISEASE PROGRESSION: A FOCUS ON REFRACTORY CELIAC DISEASE SUBTYPES.

Our findings underscore the crucial role of immune dysregulation and epithelial stress in the transition from CD to RCD. A decrease in regulatory T cells (expressing FOXP3), increased cell proliferation (as indicated by Ki67), and heightened MHC II expression may be potential biomarkers for disease severity and progression. These results suggest that therapies targeting these pathways could enhance the management of RCD.