Analytical Verb Forms in the Perfect Aspect in the Ingush and German Languages

The article examines analytical forms of the verb with a perfect meaning in the Ingush and German languages. As of today, there are practically no scientific papers on the proposed topic. In the grammar of the Ingush language, verbs are considered in the morphology section, which is analogous to the verb system of the Russian language. N. M. Barakhoeva was the first to conduct a comparative study of the verb of the Ingush and German languages; however, analytical forms of verbs of the two languages in the perfect aspect have not been considered in special studies. Meanwhile, these verb forms of the Ingush and German languages have common properties, which helps in studying and teaching German more effectively in the context of Ingush-Russian bilingualism. Analytical verb forms with a temporal meaning are widely presented in the compared languages, but within the framework of the present study, the author looks at verbal forms that convey perfect meanings analytically. The perfect expresses completeness of an action, with this action having been completed as close as possible to the moment of speech, and has the feature of connecting the dimensions of the past and the present, thus showing contact with the moment of speech. In the Ingush and German languages, the analytical perfect conveys taxis relations within an utterance, indicating the precedence of the perfect action to events expressed in the form of the present tense. In both languages, the analytical forms of the verb in the perfect form can express the semantic meaning of the effectiveness of an action. The analysis has shown that these forms of the Ingush and German languages exhibit such semes as the past tense, the effectiveness of the action, the precedence of one event to another one, and the contact of the action with the moment of speech.