Problems of normative and technical regulation in the project stage of dredging works in the water area of seaports

This article examines the regulatory challenges at the project stage of dredging works in the water areas of seaports in the Russian Federation. The authors highlight the absence of a unified regulatory framework due to the high fragmentation of legislation and the predominance of bylaws. This fragmentation complicates project implementation, slows the modernization of port infrastructure, and increases the risk of administrative barriers. Special attention is given to environmental aspects, including environmental impact assessment procedures, as well as the strategic role of port infrastructure in the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), which is recognized as a key element of national transport policy. The study analyzes the main phases of the project stage: selection of design organizations, engineering surveys, approval of documentation by Rosrybolovstvo, environmental expertise, and obtaining permits for bottom soil disposal. Systemic problems are identified, such as duplication of norms, inconsistencies in bylaws, and the emergence of informal departmental requirements, leading to monopolization of the design services market and reduced regulatory efficiency. The authors propose regulatory improvements, including the development of unified standards covering all design stages and consolidation of disparate bylaws into single regulatory documents. The need for a clear distinction between mandatory and advisory requirements for project documentation is emphasized to minimize subjectivity in regulatory decision-making. Coordination among Rosrybolovstvo, Rosprirodnadzor, and other agencies is also stressed to eliminate contradictions in regulatory practice. The analysis is based on a broad range of sources, including federal laws, executive branch acts, and technical standards. The results are of practical significance for public authorities, design organizations, and stakeholders in hydraulic engineering construction, aiming to enhance the efficiency of infrastructure project implementation amid increasing environmental safety demands and strategic state interests.