Gender And Socio-Economic Challenges in Online Learning

Abstract This research examines the intersection of gender and socio-economic issues in shaping online learning experiences, with a particular focus on students from the Malavettuva tribal community in Kerala’s Kasaragod district. Although digital education is praised for its accessibility and flexibility, it often reinforces existing inequalities. The study uncovers several major challenges faced by these students, including limited access to digital devices and reliable internet, financial hardships, and increased household responsibilities, especially for female learners. In addition, gender norms, stereotypes, and concerns about safety in virtual environments pose further obstacles. Adopting a mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and case studies, the research draws on insights from 100 students and 57 teachers to provide a comprehensive picture of the situation. The findings reveal a strong connection between these challenges and negative effects on academic performance, participation, and mental health. The study calls attention to the pressing need for inclusive and gender-sensitive education policies, investment in affordable digital infrastructure, and support mechanisms specifically designed for marginalized groups. Addressing these gaps is vital to closing the digital divide and ensuring fair access to quality online education for all students, especially those from underserved communities.