Scenario of glycemic index and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Diabetes mellitus a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) because of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both (deficient/inefficient) and leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Glycated Hb (HbA1c) is an indicator of glycemic status over long term (over the previous eight to 12 weeks). Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased prevalence of the dyslipidemia. A timely intervention to normalize these circulating lipids might reduce chances of the cardiovascular diseases The current study was conducted to find out the correlation between glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 DM. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with abnormalities of lipids which give rise to the increased incidence of micro vascular and macro vascular complications. We evaluated total 100 cases visiting our department in a tertiary care hospital and medical college including fifty (50) type 2 diabetic patients between age group of 30-65 years with an age & sex matched along with fifty (50) healthy controls were selected as per the criteria. Samples of venous blood were collected from all the cases and healthy controls to analyze the biochemical parameters. HbA1c levels were used for classification of patients into good (< 6.5) and poor (≥ 6.5) glycaemic control and for comparing different lipid profile parameters in our study. The Mean±SD of cases and controls were FBS (169 ± 24.2) HbA1c(8.64 ± 2.32), TG(201.9±21.044), TC(251.6±32.7), HDL-.C( 38.02 ± 8.07) and LDL-C( 185.02 ± 36.8) and FBS(101 ± 12.05) HbA1c( 5.5 ± 1.3), TC( 145.6±2.4), TG( 111.5±20.2), LDL-C( 122.06 ± 18.13) and HDL-C( 51.6 ± 10.4)respectively. The HbA1c showed positive correlation with TC, TG, & LDL-c and negative correlations was observed between HbA1C and HDL-c. Thus our study concludes that good sugar control is necessary in diabetic patients to maintain good lipid profile and avoiding any further cardiovascular complications from dyslipidaemia and early diagnosis of dyslipidemia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease in type-2 diabetics. So, HbA1c may be utilized for screening diabetic patient for risk of cardiovascular events and also for timely intervention with lipid lowering drugs.