SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF LOW BIRTH RATES IN RUSSIA

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the demographic crisis in Russia, one of the key challenges for the country’s sustainable socio-economic development. The aim of the research is to identify the underlying causes of low birth rates, assess their consequences for the economy and the social sphere, and develop practical recommendations for improving state policy. The methodology is based on a systems approach, comparative analysis, and demographic statistics using data from Rosstat (the Russian Federal State Statistics Service) and international organizations. The study finds that the current demographic decline is driven by a combination of factors, including economic instability, the high cost of raising children, and a transformation in reproductive attitudes. The key negative consequences are analyzed, including a shrinking workforce, progressive population aging, and an increased burden on the pension and healthcare systems. The scientific novelty of the study lies in its systematic approach to evaluating the effectiveness of Russian support measures, including the “maternal capital” program, and comparing them with successful international experiences (Sweden, Hungary). In conclusion, the author finds that overcoming the crisis requires a longterm, integrated state strategy that harmoniously combines financial incentives with the development of social infrastructure and the creation of a supportive environment for families.