Cell Voltage Estimation for Supercapacitor Systems with Terminal Voltage Measurement

Supercapacitors are widely used as energy storage devices due to their high power density, long lifespan, and excellent charge/discharge capabilities. However, when connected in series to meet higher voltage requirements, cell imbalances can occur over time, negatively impacting system performance. To address this, we propose a novel method called Passive Balancing Circuit Voltage Estimation (PBVE), which utilizes existing passive balancing circuits to indirectly estimate cell voltages. This method reduces the reliance on extensive sensor networks, thereby lowering system complexity and cost. The PBVE method was validated using Simulink simulations, and the results demonstrated improved efficiency and reliability in monitoring and managing supercapacitor systems under various operational conditions.