Design and Optimization of Asymmetric Encryption Scheme Based on Blockchain and Its Application in Privacy Protection of Internet of Vehicles

With the rapid development of intelligent road traffic management systems and autonomous vehicles, the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) industry is showing a thriving trend. However, there are still many security issues with IoVs, which are susceptible to malicious attacks from potential factors, leading to privacy breaches. Blockchain is a reliable emerging technology that protects privacy and security, with advantages such as decentralization, data transparency, and secure data storage. Therefore, regarding the privacy leakage threat faced by passengers and drivers in the IoVs system, we designed a new IoVs privacy protection scheme based on the asymmetric encryption technology of blockchain blockchain. In this scheme, a blockchain-based asymmetric encryption scheme was first proposed and optimized to ensure the security and computational efficiency after encryption. The results indicated that the location information was well encrypted and protected. In addition, homomorphic encryption could perform specific calculations on encrypted data without decryption, and the ciphertext result was consistent with the decryption result. Therefore, by integrating Paillier homomorphic encryption algorithm, passengers and drivers in encrypted state could be matched for location, protecting the privacy of user location data. After safety and efficiency analysis, this scheme had good safety and efficiency, which could ensure the security of passengers and drivers' position privacy. This study laid the foundation for constructing efficient and secure methods for data security and privacy protection, providing new directions for the theoretical system of the IoVs data security, and promoting the healthy and stable development of the IoVs industry.