EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO DYNAMIC AND STATIC STIFFNESS RELATIONSHIPS IN RUBBER-METAL SPRINGS

Rubber-metal springs are widely used in industrial applications, particularly as vibration absorbers, due to their ability to mitigate dynamic loads. The dynamic stiffness of rubber-metal springs plays a crucial role in determining the natural frequency of a system as natural frequency is directly related to dynamic stiffness. Therefore, the accurate determination of dynamic stiffness is essential when selecting an appropriate rubber-metal spring for a given application. However, the assessment of dynamic stiffness presents a significant challenge due to the complex interaction between the rubber and metal components, particularly when considering the viscoelastic properties of rubber and the geometric properties of a spring. The viscoelastic response of rubber and its change at different strain rates are governed by the micro- and mesoscopic configuration of polymer chains, filler particles, and their bonding to metal components. Consequently, dynamic stiffness is often approximated using the static stiffness measurements, which simplifies the problem but may lead to inaccuracies in predicting the true dynamic behavior of the spring. In this paper, we present an experimental method for the dynamic stiffness assessment using an electrodynamic shaker, which allows for a more accurate characterization of the spring response to dynamic loading. This method is compared to an analytical approach based on static stiffness, highlighting the limitations of the latter approach. Furthermore, we propose an improved range for calculating dynamic stiffness by static stiffness, enhancing the predictive accuracy for dynamic behavior.