PROGRESS AND FUTURE OF HYDROGELS IN THE TREATMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURIES

Hydrogels have become essential biomaterials in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) injuries due to their unique properties, which include biocompatibility, bioresorbability, and the ability to mimic the natural extracellular matrix. These materials are used in a variety of applications, such as neural regeneration, controlled drug release, and support for cell therapies. Injectable hydrogels, due to their adaptability, allow localized administration in the affected areas, creating a favorable environment for the proliferation and differentiation of nerve cells. Recent technological advances, such as the integration of nanotechnology and the development of stimulable hydrogels, have significantly expanded their therapeutic potential. Smart hydrogels can respond to specific stimuli, adjusting their properties or releasing bioactive agents in a controlled manner. Also, 3D bioprinting allows the creation of custom structures, replicating the architecture of damaged tissues, while artificial intelligence facilitates the optimized design of hydrogels. This review explores current applications and recent advances of hydrogels in the treatment of CNS, highlighting their impact on neuronal regeneration and prospects for the development of advanced therapeutic solutions. Hydrogels promise to become an essential component in neuroregeneration and neurosurgery, helping to transform treatments in these areas.