Tourism politics and mobilities: re-imagining equality and inclusion in Southern and West Africa's urban tourism governance

This paper analyses how politics and poverty shape urban tourism governance in selected Southern and West African cities during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on Accra (Ghana), Harare (Zimbabwe), and Johannesburg (South Africa). It examines the interplay between these factors, illustrating their impact on social inclusion, mobility, and economic recovery. Through document analysis, the study highlights how political decisions influenced urban tourism and restricted the participation of marginalised communities. The paper argues that politics significantly affected the unfolding of urban development and good governance strategies aimed at combating the pandemic. It also underscores that poverty profoundly influences how individuals respond to COVID-19 control measures, as those in lower socioeconomic situations struggle to meet their basic needs. In the post-pandemic recovery phase, governments must stimulate tourism by incorporating the voices of all stakeholders in the sector, both formal and informal.