Analytical Solution and Satellite Phasing Rules for Designing Dedicated Geosynchronous Orbit Satellite Constellations

<h3>Abstract</h3> This study proposes a dedicated closed-form solution and satellite phasing rules for designing a geosynchronous orbit (GSO) constellation. Trajectories of GSO satellites have a characteristic figure-eight shape because their rotation speed is the same as that of the Earth. The GSO has the advantage of providing good coverage performance for local areas. Recently, several countries have begun developing local navigation systems based on the GSO. Various GSO constellation designs are available for an effective regional navigation performance analysis; however, no dedicated GSO constellation solution exists. This study provides a solution for such constellations and proves its practicability through a comparative analysis and evaluation of the geometric dilution-of-precision performance for several cases.