Detection and Frequency of HBV Profile in Chronic HBV Positive Patients in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhrunkhwa

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a significant health issue in most parts of the world especially those low-resource settings such as rural Pakistan. Complications of chronic HBV may be serious, as these lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The current study considered an evaluation of HBV serological marker prevalence and risk factors of chronic HBV-positive individuals in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Purposes: The aim was to identify the rate of the HBV markers (HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg, HBsAb, HBeAb, and HBcAb) and assess vaccination status, access to treatment, and advanced education on the topic of HBV in the patients with the infection. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study with 50 samples of HBV positive blood selected in District Mardan. The serological markers were detected with the help of Immunochromatographic Technique (ICT). The processing of data was performed based on SPSS 23.0 and Microsoft Excel and concentrated on demographic allocation, risk factors, and healthcare gaps. Results: All samples preserved positive results in HBsAg (100 percent) indicating an active infection. Additional markers were also found at a different rate: HBeAg (18%), HBcAg (6%), HBsAb (42%), HBeAb (14%) and HBcAb (4%). Among the primary results were low rates of vaccination (8%), access to treatment (78%), and health education (86%). There were unsafe medical practices and familial transmission as some of the risk factors. Conclusion: The analysis report singles out the high burden of HBV infection in District Mardan, and a high gap in the prevention and treatment. Emerging Control Measures to curb the spread of HBV and the resulting effects to the community, untimely control measures should be adopted like enhanced vaccination, enhanced diagnostic capacity and community health education.