REVIEW ON BACTERIOPHAGE THERAPY: RENEWED APPROACH FOR MANAGEMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTION

Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect and multiply in host bacteria and archaea. They are exceptionally diversified, abundant, and extensive. Phages were discovered just over a century ago and have been used to treat bacterial infections in humans and other animals since the 1919s. This seminar paper examines the usage of bacteriophages over time, their comparative benefits and drawbacks, and their application as a therapeutic tool in animals. Phage therapy is the use of lytic bacteriophages as a treatment against bacterial infections. It was frequently utilized in the pre-antibiotic era until large-scale antibiotic manufacture began. Today, the rising antibiotic resistance dilemma has revitalized bacteriophage therapy. It has been offered as a possible alternative to antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of human and animal diseases. Its benefits include the fact that it does not harm natural microflora, is relatively safe, and has a positive effect on antibiotic resistance bacteria. Its main disadvantages are a limited host range and the potential of pathogenic gene transmission. Phage therapy in animal production has been debated in veterinary medicine for decades. Several investigations and clinical trials have supported the use of phages as a therapeutic technique for bacterial illnesses in animals. In poultry, swine, cattle, and fish, phage therapy produced good outcomes in terms of lowering mortality, clinical severity, and tissue-level bacterial counts. It found that phage therapy has a promising outcome for the treatment of bacterial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. However, various obstacles must be resolved before lytic phages may be widely used for therapeutic purposes. To fully benefit from bacteriophage therapy, well-organized research and significant scholarly efforts are required.