RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN TERRITORIES: DESIGN OF ROAD AND TRANSPORT STRUCTURES

The reconstruction of urban areas necessitates a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to the design of road and transport infrastructure. This article explores the integration of modern planning principles that go beyond conventional technical solutions, emphasizing the importance of social, environmental, and spatial factors in shaping sustainable urban mobility systems. In the context of increasing urban density, the research highlights the need to reimagine the structure and function of transport facilities to meet the evolving demands of cities. The study focuses on the planning and design of road and transport structures that prioritize public transportation, active modes of mobility such as walking and cycling, and the creation of inclusive urban spaces. It considers global trends and best practices in sustainable urban transport planning, as well as the challenges of adapting them to local contexts with specific socio-economic and spatial characteristics. Particular attention is paid to the integration of transport systems into the broader urban environment, ensuring accessibility, safety, and environmental performance. The article also addresses the necessity of balancing traffic efficiency with the quality of life of urban residents, proposing approaches that minimize negative environmental impact and promote equitable access to transport infrastructure. The conclusions emphasize the strategic importance of incorporating sustainability principles into the early stages of reconstruction projects, aligning them with long-term urban development goals and contributing to the resilience and livability of modern cities. A critical aspect of the research is the evaluation of design methodologies that promote the flexibility and adaptability of transport systems in response to future changes, including climate challenges, demographic shifts, and technological advancements. The article underscores the need for a scenario-based and data-informed planning process that supports decision-making in dynamic urban environments. Ultimately, the study advocates for a paradigm shift in urban transport infrastructure planning—one that moves away from car-centric models and embraces people-oriented, multi-modal networks. Such a shift is essential for building cities that are not only functional and efficient but also inclusive, vibrant, and capable of addressing the complex challenges of the 21st century.